ROVs are essential for marine exploration and underwater operations, yet conventional teleoperation relies heavily on skilled human operators, and many autonomous methods stop at high-level planning rather than low-level actuation, limiting robustness in disturbed and cluttered environments. This paper proposes ODARRL, an obstacle- and disturbance-aware sensor-to-thruster (ST) end-to-end residual reinforcement learning framewo...

Skin coloration is a distinctive phenotype and an economically important trait in ornamental fish. Understanding its regulatory mechanisms is crucial for both aquaculture and selective breeding. In this study, we cloned and analysed the full‐length complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences of four key pigmentation‐related genes— mitf , mc1r , tyr and sox10 —in the black‐tailed angelfish ( Centropyge vrolikii ). We established the fin...