The leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus), an economically important marine fish, is widely farmed in Hainan Province, China. However, intensive farming has led to frequent disease outbreaks, including viral nervous necrosis, vibriosis, and enteritis, with skin ulceration a widespread and significant concern. To identify the pathogen causing skin ulceration, we collected diseased fish from Hainan and conducted histopa...

Panax ginseng is one of the most popular herbs which have been used as an important traditional Chinese medicine since ancient times. Yuan ginseng and Shizhu ginseng,which belong to P. ginseng , are widely used as substitutes for wild ginseng in clinical practice. Clinical practice has proved that the clinical efficacy of Shizhu ginseng is better than Yuan ginseng. However, current research cannot completely explain this pheno...