As a critical regulating component in subsea Christmas tree systems, the cage-type choke valve governs the overall production efficiency and operational reliability of offshore oil and gas exploitation owing to its unique internal flow field characteristics. In accordance with the in situ operating conditions of the target oilfield, this paper performs a numerical simulation and systematic analysis on the flow field behaviors...

This study examines the spatio‐temporal changes of heat risk in South China and the possible effects of urbanization using a dynamic method for classifying urban and rural sites based on time‐varying DMSP‐OLS night‐time light images. Ten different indicators are analysed, which include daily means and consecutive heat wave (HW) measures at 86 stations in Guangdong Province from 1971 to 2014. Results show that these heat risk i...