Background and Aims Phase segmentation is a crucial step in X-ray computed tomography (CT) for image-based analysis (CT-IBA) to derive soil and root information. How segmentation uncertainty (SU) affects CT-IBA of vegetated soil has never been explored. Methods We proposed a new framework enabled by machine learning to measure SU and its propagation from the first to the second-order parameters derived from CT-IBA. Vegetated g...