Human activities have dramatically increased nitrogen (N) inputs to terrestrial ecosystems, with cascading effects on soil biodiversity and function. Soil nematodes, the most abundant animals on Earth, play critical roles in nutrient cycling and ecosystem health. Although numerous studies have examined N effects on soil nematodes, crucial knowledge gaps remain regarding how these varying responses depend on fundamental soil pr...

Background A variety of smooth muscle-specific genes and proteins, including SMAD3, BMPR-II, and MRTF, are involved in airway remodeling in asthma. As a receptor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, BMPR-II has important roles in airway remodeling in asthma. However, the underlying mechanism of BMPR-II in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) in asthma remains incomplete. Methods Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injec...