Animal gut microbiomes—comprising bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses, and protozoa—are fundamental to host evolution, physiology, and ecosystem resilience. This review synthesizes 21st-century advances in their diversity, spatiotemporal dynamics, and functional roles across the animal kingdom. Although high-throughput metagenomics has transformed the field, major biases remain: most studies still focus on domesticated vertebrat...

For ventilation calculations in underground mines, mine roadway dimensions are important. The key dimensions are cross-sectional areas and perimeters. Three-dimensional scanning technology allows for acquiring a point cloud that reflects the roadway outline. However, this technology not allow for direct calculation of average values of cross-sectional area and perimeter along the length of the roadway. The study is based on fi...