Aging is associated with blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and microvascular rarefaction, key contributors to cerebral neuroinflammation, hypoperfusion, and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Exposure to a young systemic milieu through heterochronic parabiosis has been shown to restore BBB integrity and enhance cerebrovascular function in aged mice, suggesting that circulating factors can rejuvenate the aging...

We define the limit of predictability as the time period over which any information about the evolving state of a dynamical system can be retained, assuming its dynamics, the state at one point in time, and future boundary conditions are exactly known, but the quantum fluctuations of incoming energy are not. Simplistically, this time period is the sum of the period of skillful forecasts that can be made today, plus the period...

Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is an established treatment for acute ischemic stroke, due to large vessel occlusion (LVO), but the optimal time window for intervention remains a subject of ongoing debate. We aimed to assess the impact of treatment timing on mortality, functional outcomes, and safety by comparing early (≤ 6 h) versus late (> 6–24 h) EVT. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect...

Gait alterations are recognized as early markers of age-related decline and cognitive impairment. Dual-task assessments, which impose cognitive load while walking, provide valuable insights into gait control limitations and cognitive-motor interactions in aging populations. This study evaluates age-related and cognitive load-induced changes in gait parameters, with a particular focus on asymmetry, and aims to optimize the gait...

Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to chronic cognitive decline, imposing a significant societal burden. The regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is critical for cognitive function, and acute disruptions in CBF regulation predict poor TBI outcomes. However, the long-term effects of TBI on CBF regulation and their association with cognitive function remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate whether sev...

Aging is associated with a progressive decline in circulating insulin-like growth factor- 1 (IGF- 1) levels in humans, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. IGF- 1 is an anabolic hormone that plays a dual role in maintaining skeletal muscle health, acting both directly on muscle fibers to promote growth and indirectly by supporting the vascular network that sustains muscle perfusion. However, the microva...

Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs, also known as cerebral microbleeds) contribute to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID), with aging and hypertension being key risk factors. Mitochondrial oxidative stress is a hallmark of cerebrovascular aging, leading to endothelial dysfunction. This study tests the hypothesis that increased mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to age-related CMH susceptibility and evaluates...

Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI), often referred to as “chemobrain,” significantly affects the quality of life in cancer survivors. Although traditionally attributed to neuronal toxicity, emerging evidence suggests a key role of cerebrovascular dysfunction in its pathogenesis. We hypothesized that paclitaxel (PTX, Taxol) treatment induces long-term cerebrovascular dysfunction, including microvascular rarefactio...

Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment, commonly referred to as “chemobrain,” significantly affects cancer survivors’ quality of life, yet its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Most chemotherapeutic agents cannot cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), yet they cause central nervous system side effects, suggesting alternative pathways of toxicity. Given that these drugs interact with the cerebrovascular endothelium at thei...

The increasing number of cancer survivors has brought heightened attention to the side effects of cancer therapies, including chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI, commonly referred to as “chemobrain”). Cisplatin and methotrexate, commonly used first-line chemotherapeutics in gynecologic oncology for cancers such as breast, ovarian, and bladder cancer, are clinically associated with long-term cognitive deficits. Bui...

Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI), commonly referred to as “chemobrain,” is a frequent and debilitating side effect experienced by cancer survivors treated with paclitaxel (PTX). Preclinical models have shown that PTX promotes cerebromicrovascular endothelial cell senescence, leading to chronic blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and neuroinflammation. Conversely, the elimination of senescent cells through seno...

Long COVID (also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection [PASC] or post-COVID syndrome) is characterized by persistent symptoms that extend beyond the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting approximately 10% to over 30% of those infected. It presents a significant clinical challenge, notably due to pronounced neurocognitive symptoms such as brain fog. The mechanisms underlying these effects are multifactor...

Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs) are of paramount importance as they not only signify underlying vascular pathology but also have profound implications for cognitive function and neurological health, serving as a critical indicator for the early detection and management of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). This study aimed to investigate the effects of hypertension-induced CMHs on gait dynamics in a mouse model, focusing on...

Aging plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), contributing to the onset and progression of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). In older adults, CSVD often leads to significant pathological outcomes, including blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, which in turn triggers neuroinflammation and white matter damage. This damage is frequently observed as white matter hyperinte...

Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs, also known as cerebral microbleeds) are a critical but frequently underestimated aspect of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), bearing substantial clinical consequences. Detectable through sensitive neuroimaging techniques, CMHs reveal an extensive pathological landscape. They are prevalent in the aging population, with multiple CMHs often being observed in a given individual. CMHs are closel...

Bio-based fertilizers (BBFs) have been promoted as a solution to help manage bio-waste problems and improve soil health conditions. Their potential is to replace mineral fertilizers due to nonrenewable energy dependency and the accumulation that threatens environmental issues. Currently, laboratory and field-based literature have been growing since European Union (EU) looks BBFs as the future of agriculture bio-based products....

DNAmPhenoAge, DNAmGrimAge, and the newly developed DNAmFitAge are DNA methylation (DNAm)-based biomarkers that reflect the individual aging process. Here, we examine the relationship between physical fitness and DNAm-based biomarkers in adults aged 33–88 with a wide range of physical fitness (including athletes with long-term training history). Higher levels of VO 2 max ( ρ = 0.2, p = 6.4E − 4, r = 0.19, p = 1.2E − 3), Jumpmax...

Impairment of moment-to-moment adjustment of cerebral blood flow (CBF) to the increased oxygen and energy requirements of active brain regions via neurovascular coupling (NVC) contributes to the genesis of age-related cognitive impairment. Aging is associated with marked deficiency in the vasoprotective hormone insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Preclinical studies on animal models of aging suggest that circulating IGF-1 de...