Increasing grazing pressure for food production is a major challenge for biodiversity conservation in tropical dryland, particularly in ecologically complex transition zones that harbor substantial global biodiversity. Despite their high conservation value, the effects of grazing management on biodiversity in drylands remain poorly understood. We investigated how land-use intensity and local environmental metrics influence bot...

Papilio alexanor exhibits a disjunct distribution across the western Palearctic. Records of this species from southern Italy have been rare and sporadic, leading to suggestions that these individuals might be strays originating from the Balkans or Greece. In this study, we provide an updated list of observations of P. alexanor in southern Italy, including records of ovipositing females and early larval instars, as well as DNA...