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Glaucoma is a complex neurodegenerative disease with multiple subtypes, yet all are characterized by the progressive dysfunction and loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which ultimately results in vision impairment and blindness. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for glaucoma; however, it is neither necessary nor sufficient for glaucomatous neurodegeneration, as patients can exhibit high IOP without...
Adaptive area-wide management for suppressing spruce budworm outbreaks: effectiveness of the early intervention strategyNARA Subscribed
In eastern North America, two main insecticide-based strategies are used to manage spruce budworm ( Choristoneura fumiferana ) outbreaks. The traditional ‘Foliage Protection Strategy’ (FPS) focuses on temporarily reducing defoliation and tree mortality in high-value stands, allowing outbreaks to progress naturally in surrounding areas. The ‘Early Intervention Strategy’ (EIS) is an adaptive, area-wide management approach that t...
Combination antiretroviral therapy prevents SIV-induced aging in the hippocampus and neurodegeneration throughout the brainNARA Subscribed
Virus-induced accelerated aging has been proposed as a potential mechanism underlying the persistence of HIV-associated brain injury (HABI) despite advances in access and adherence to combination antiretroviral therapies (cART). While some studies have demonstrated evidence of accelerated aging in PLWH, studies examining the effects of cART intervention are limited, with most studies being in vitro or utilizing small animal mo...
Microclimate, an important part of ecology and biogeographyNARA Subscribed
Brief introduction: What are microclimates and why are they important? Microclimate science has developed into a global discipline. Microclimate science is increasingly used to understand and mitigate climate and biodiversity shifts. Here, we provide an overview of the current status of microclimate ecology and biogeography in terrestrial ecosystems, and where this field is heading next. Microclimate investigations in ecology...
Opposing genetic patterns of range shifting temperate and tropical gastropods in an area undergoing tropicalisationNARA Subscribed
Aim The poleward range expansion of tropical species, and range contraction of temperate species (known as tropicalisation) has mainly been studied from an ecological perspective, with little research on its genetic consequences. Here, we used distributional and genetic data to document the consequences of tropicalisation in rocky shore gastropods and assess more broadly the future implications of tropicalisation on phylogeogr...
Aim The biogeography of predator‐induced defences is an understudied area of predator–prey dynamics. Range overlap with predators that induce the response and local demographics (e.g., prey abundances) are likely to be important factors for determining the biogeographic distribution of induced defences within species. However, with climate warming, range‐expanding warm‐water predators are increasingly preying upon temperate sp...
Forester and Logger Response to Emerald Ash Borer in Massachusetts and Vermont: A Secondary DisturbanceNARA Subscribed
Forester and logger responses to the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB) could substantially affect regions across the United States. We analyzed forester and logger responses to EAB in Massachusetts and Vermont, exploring characteristics associated with purposeful targeting of substantial ash properties; managing forests differently because of EAB; and regeneration goals. One-third of respondents increased timber sales on ash pr...
Historical pesticide applications for the treatment of eastern spruce budworm infestations in New BrunswickNARA Subscribed
Pesticides have been used in Canada since 1945 as part of large‐scale aerial spray applications to control insect pests on forested lands. Some of the pesticides used historically were efficacious, nonselective, persistent, and have led to serious impacts on the environment. A well known, and extensively documented example is the large‐scale aerial spray programs in New Brunswick, Canada. From 1952 to 1993, 97% of the 6.2 mill...
Mechanistic forecasts of species responses to climate change: The promise of biophysical ecologyNARA Subscribed
A core challenge in global change biology is to predict how species will respond to future environmental change and to manage these responses. To make such predictions and management actions robust to novel futures, we need to accurately characterize how organisms experience their environments and the biological mechanisms by which they respond. All organisms are thermodynamically connected to their environments through the ex...
Global maps of soil temperatureNARA Subscribed
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1‐km 2 r...
Common, low-frequency, rare, and ultra-rare coding variants contribute to COVID-19 severityNARA Subscribed
The combined impact of common and rare exonic variants in COVID-19 host genetics is currently insufficiently understood. Here, common and rare variants from whole-exome sequencing data of about 4000 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals were used to define an interpretable machine-learning model for predicting COVID-19 severity. First, variants were converted into separate sets of Boolean features, depending on the absence or the pr...