The gut-brain axis plays a vital role in migraine pathophysiology. Studies highlight reciprocal interactions between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. Previous research suggests that factors such as gut microbiota profiles, inflammatory mediators, neuropeptides, serotonin pathways, stress hormones, and nutritional substances influence this interaction. The pathophysiology of migraine has been linked to...

Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) contributes to numerous chronic illnesses, including neurological disorders and gastrointestinal dysfunction. The study design included four groups, each consisting of six rats: the control group was fed regular chow, while groups 2 (HFD 2W), 3 (HFD 4W), and 4 (HFD 8W) were given a 60% HFD for 2, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively. A significant change in the latency to the platform in the water...

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a stringent barrier that restricts the successful brain delivery of polar neurotherapeutics molecules. One such molecule is Zonisamide (ZNS), a hydrophilic centrally acting anti-epileptic drug. This study aims to overcome the poor ZNS BBB permeability using the nose-to-brain (NTB) carbon-based biocompatible nanodiamonds (ND) delivery system to deliver ZNS directly to the brain, bypassing the BB...

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs) are used widely in various industries, but emerging evidence suggests their ability to elicit neurotoxicity. The present study evaluated the alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) neuroprotective potential against TiO₂-NP-induced cognitive and molecular impairments in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Twenty-four rats were allocated into four groups: negative control, TiO₂-NPs (150 mg/kg, i.p.), ALA (50 mg/k...