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Freshwater biodiversity in a rapidly changing Arctic: An expert horizon scan of key research questionsNARA Subscribed
Arctic freshwater biodiversity is rapidly changing due to climate warming, resource extraction, infrastructure development, and landscape transformation. To improve understanding, predict future responses, and inform policy formulation, research needs must be clearly identified. Using a horizon scan survey, Arctic freshwater experts from government, international agencies, and Indigenous Peoples identified 77 biodiversity rese...
Effect of muscarinic blockade on the speed of attention shifting, read-out delays and learningNARA Subscribed
The study aimed to investigate to what extent blockade of muscarinic receptors affects the speed of endogenous versus exogenous attentional shift times, and how it affects learning of attention shifting, cue detection and signal readout. Subjects viewed an array of 10 moving clocks and reported the time a clock indicated when cued. Target clocks were indicated by peripheral or central cues, including conditions of pre-cuing. F...
Using swim‐up traps to assess Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus ) spawning habitat and the phenology and density of emergent fryNARA Subscribed
The Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus ) is a species of cultural, economic and conservation importance, but hitherto, investigations of critical early life stages have been few. Here, at a lake in the United Kingdom, we used swim‐up traps to investigate the phenology of fry emergence and associations between fry density and habitat. The first emergence occurred on 4 or 5 March 2020 and 2021, with numbers peaking and remaining...
Water source dynamics influence macroinvertebrate communities across groundwater-fed streams in a glacierized catchmentNARA Subscribed
Groundwater contributions to streamflow significantly influence the structure and function of riverine ecosystems, particularly in glacierized catchments where there are marked differences in water sources and subsurface flow paths. Here, we investigated spatial and temporal variation in relationships between water sources, flow paths, physical and chemical processes, organic matter, microbial biofilms, and macroinvertebrates...
Long‐term records of benthic macroinvertebrates in high‐latitude streams are essential for understanding climatic changes, including extreme events (e.g. floods). Data extending over multiple decades are typically scarce. Here, we investigated macroinvertebrate community structural change (including alpha and beta diversity and gain and loss of species) over 22 years (1994–2016) in 10 stream systems across Denali National Park...
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disab...
Functional traits are increasingly being used to predict extinction risks and range shifts under long‐term climate change scenarios, but have rarely been used to study vulnerability to extreme climatic events, such as supraseasonal droughts. In streams, drought intensification can cross thresholds of habitat loss, where marginal changes in environmental conditions trigger disproportionate biotic responses. However, these thres...
Loss of small glaciers will diminish beta diversity in Pyrenean streams at two levels of biological organizationNARA Subscribed
Aim Small ( 2 ) alpine glaciers are likely to disappear in this century, resulting in decreased regional habitat heterogeneity in associated streams. Both heterogeneity within and spatial isolation among glacier‐influenced streams can enhance beta diversity of stream‐dwelling organisms. We measured beta at both community and population‐genetic levels within and among streams currently influenced by small Pyrenean glaciers. We...
Glacial retreat creates new habitat which is colonized and developed by plants and animals during the process of primary succession. While there has been much debate about the relative role of deterministic and stochastic processes during terrestrial succession, evidence from freshwater ecosystems remains minimal and a general consensus is lacking. Using a unique 27 years record of community assembly following glacial recessio...
Climate change poses a considerable threat to the biodiversity of high latitude and altitude ecosystems, with alpine regions across the world already showing responses to warming. However, despite probable hydrological change as alpine glaciers and snowpacks shrink, links between alpine stream biota and reduced meltwater input are virtually unknown. Using data from the French Pyrénées, we demonstrate that taxonomic richness an...