Admixture between incoming Neolithic early farmers (EF) and western hunter-gatherers (WHG) of Europe formed late farmers (LF) ∼ 6,200 years ago. Analysis of HLA genotypes from 135 Neolithic individuals reveal allele frequency shifts from EF to LF, likely due to WHG influx. Both groups had lower HLA diversity than today, suggesting reduced pathogen pressure at the time. Declining frequencies of HLA alleles linked to chronic inf...

In this study, we investigated the contribution of rare coding variants to human longevity by analyzing whole exome sequencing data from 1245 German long-lived individuals (LLI) and 4105 geographically matched younger controls. We identified novel exome-wide significant associations at both the single-variant and gene level, with a significant over-representation of genes involved in mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) sign...