This study, conducted in Shosha, Minia, Egypt, aimed to evaluate the effects of magnetically treated saline groundwater on both soil characteristics and the performance of tomato crops grown in arid sandy soils. The influence of magnetic fields on water quality was first assessed to determine its suitability for irrigation. Subsequently, the combined effects of MWT with different irrigation methods—namely, surface drip irrigat...

The fall aِrmyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), causes significant yield losses due to its high fecundity, broad host range, defoliation capability, and voracious larval feeding. Biological control using microorganisms has gained attention as a sustainable alternative to chemical pest management. Entomopathogenic fungi employ distinct modes of action and produce secondary metabolites with insecticidal properties. This...