Dieback of the fruiting spurs of walnut ( Juglans regia ) results in yield losses in walnut orchards in Australia. Botryosphaeriaceae spp. have been implicated as the causative agents, with Diplodia seriata and Neofusicoccum parvum reported as the most prevalent species. Pathogenicity assays demonstrated inter- and intra-species variation with N. parvum more virulent than D. seriata . Both species were re-isolated beyond the d...

Purpose The potential toxic effects due to the application of sophorolipid and the novel saponin biosurfactant extracted from the leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis for the purpose of bioremediating PAH-contaminated soils and sediments were studied. Methods The phytotoxic effects of sophorolipid and eucalyptus saponin were determined based on the seed germination assays carried out using the seeds of Lactuca sativa L and compa...