Habitat loss and fragmentation have caused declines in the abundance and distribution of butterflies, particularly habitat specialists. The Chequered Skipper, Carterocephalus palaemon , has been extinct in England since 1976 after declining from the 1940s predominantly due to changes in woodland management including afforestation and the decline in traditional coppice management. To enable C. palaemon to flourish again, this s...

Since the 1950s, invertebrate fisheries catches have rapidly expanded globally to more than 10 million tonnes annually, with twice as many target species, and are now significant contributors to global seafood provision, export, trade and local livelihoods. Invertebrates play important and diverse functional roles in marine ecosystems, yet the ecosystem effects of their exploitation are poorly understood. Using 12 ecosystem mo...

Climate change is altering the rate and distribution of primary production in the world's oceans. Primary production is critical to maintaining biodiversity and supporting fishery catches, but predicting the response of populations to primary production change is complicated by predation and competition interactions. We simulated the effects of change in primary production on diverse marine ecosystems across a wide latitudinal...

Mesopelagic (200–1000 m) and bathypelagic (> 1000 m) fish near Macquarie Island, Australia, are important in the diets of seals, seabirds, and Patagonian toothfish. They also form important links between the productivity at shallow and deeper water depths. Here we analyse the diets of 23 fish species, 13 of which are from the family Myctophidae from 254 stomach samples. Crustaceans (particularly copepods, amphipods, and euphau...