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Genetic ancestry proportion influences risk of adverse events from tuberculosis treatment in BrazilNARA Subscribed
Tuberculosis (TB) treatment is highly effective, but response to therapy varies by geography and population subgroups. We assessed differences in TB treatment response in a representative and heterogeneous Brazilian population. We estimated genetic ancestry according to major genetic ancestry groups (African, European, and Amerindian) in the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis (RePORT)-Brazil cohort usi...
The in vitro alkaline comet assay with liver models as a complementary tool for genotoxicity assessment of N-nitrosaminesNARA Subscribed
N -nitrosamine (NA) impurities in pharmaceuticals represent “cohort of concern” compounds under ICH M7(R2), due to their mutagenic/carcinogenic potential, involving cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolic activation. Increasing interest in mammalian cell-based genotoxicity/mutagenicity assays prompted our assessment of the in vitro alkaline comet assay regarding its predictive power for NAs. Here, precision-cut liver slices (...
Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) burrow associate communities are depauperate in modified landscapesNARA Subscribed
The Gopher Tortoise ( Gopherus polyphemus ) is considered a keystone species because its burrows provide refuge for an entire suite of other species (hereafter burrow associates) that occupy the habitats in which it resides. The Gopher Tortoise has declined across its range in large part due to habitat loss and land use change resulting in burrow abandonment or reduced burrow density, and the concomitant negative effects on bu...
Microbial Community Metabolism of Coral Reef Exometabolomes Broadens the Chemodiversity of Labile Dissolved Organic MatterNARA Subscribed
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) comprises diverse compounds with variable bioavailability across aquatic ecosystems. The sources and quantities of DOM can influence microbial growth and community structure with effects on biogeochemical processes. To investigate the chemodiversity of labile DOM in tropical reef waters, we tracked microbial utilisation of over 3000 untargeted mass spectrometry ion features exuded from two coral...
Soil water availability modulates the response of grapevine leaf gas exchange and PSII traits to a simulated heat waveNARA Subscribed
Background and aims A better understanding of plant carbon assimilation, water status and photosystem performance responses to combined heat and drought stress would help to optimize grapevine management under such limiting conditions. Methods Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured in potted grapevines, cv Sauvignon Blanc, before, during and after simulated six-day heat (T max = 40 °C) wave using he...
Informing the Conservation of Ephemerally Flooded Wetlands Using Hydrologic Regime and LiDAR-Based Habitat AssessmentsNARA Subscribed
Integrated assessments of wetland hydrologic regimes and other environmental factors are key to understanding the ecology of species breeding in ephemerally flooded wetlands, and reproductive success is often directly linked to suitable flooding regimes, both temporally and spatially. We used high-resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data to develop bathymetric stage–flooded area relationships, predict spatial extent...
One mechanism giving fleshy algae a competitive advantage over corals during reef degradation is algal-induced and microbially-mediated hypoxia (typically less than 69.5 µmol oxygen L −1 ). During hypoxic conditions oxygen availability becomes insufficient to sustain aerobic respiration in most metazoans. Algae are more tolerant of low oxygen conditions and may outcompete corals weakened by hypoxia. A key question on the ecolo...
The correlation between eBird community science and weather surveillance radar‐based estimates of migration phenologyNARA Subscribed
Aim Measuring avian migration can prove challenging given the spatial scope and the diversity of species involved. No one monitoring technique provides all the pertinent measures needed to capture this macroscale phenomenon – emphasizing the need for data integration. Migration phenology is a key metric characterizing large‐scale migration dynamics and has been successfully quantified using weather surveillance radar (WSR) dat...
The focus on flag States for the purpose of attributing fisheries catch is inconsistent with the assignment of sovereign rights to coastal States under international law and undermines equity in contemporary quota allocation negotiations. We propose modernizing reporting frameworks to include zone-based reporting of fish catches to more equitably present data, ensure consistency with the Law of the Sea, and better support the...
The future of ocean governanceNARA Subscribed
Monitoring a changing Arctic: Recent advancements in the study of sea ice microbial communitiesNARA Subscribed
Sea ice continues to decline across many regions of the Arctic, with remaining ice becoming increasingly younger and more dynamic. These changes alter the habitats of microbial life that live within the sea ice, which support healthy functioning of the marine ecosystem and provision of resources for human-consumption, in addition to influencing biogeochemical cycles (e.g. air–sea CO 2 exchange). With the susceptibility of sea...
The complement system is an important defense mechanism against pathogens; however, in certain pathologies, the system also attacks human cells, such as red blood cells (RBCs). In paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), RBCs lack certain complement regulators which sensitize them to complement-mediated lysis, while in autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), antibodies against RBCs may initiate complement-mediated hemolysis. In...
The quorum‐sensing systems of Vibrio campbellii DS40M4 and BB120 are genetically and functionally distinctNARA Subscribed
Summary Vibrio campbellii BB120 (previously classified as Vibrio harveyi ) is a fundamental model strain for studying quorum sensing in vibrios. A phylogenetic evaluation of sequenced Vibrio strains in Genbank revealed that BB120 is closely related to the environmental isolate V. campbellii DS40M4. We exploited DS40M4's competence for exogenous DNA uptake to rapidly generate greater than 30 isogenic strains with deletions of g...
The rapidly advancing field of metabolomics encompasses a diverse suite of powerful analytical and bioinformatic tools that can help to reveal the diversity and activity of chemical compounds in individual organisms, species interactions, and entire ecosystems. In this perspective we use examples from studies of coral reefs to illustrate ways in which metabolomics has been and can be applied to understand coastal ecosystems. E...