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Parasitism is widespread among fishes in nature and can have significant impacts on individuals, populations, and communities. The family Cymothoidae includes over 380 species of parasitic isopods that infect a wide variety of host fishes, mostly in tropical and subtropical oceans. Despite their conspicuous nature, spatiotemporal patterns of infestation and effects on hosts have been studied for only a small percentage of spec...
Can the incentive-sensitization theory of addiction incorporate addiction to opioid drugs?NARA Subscribed
The Incentive Sensitization Theory (IST) of addiction posits that repeated intermittent exposure to potentially addictive drugs can sensitize brain mesolimbic dopamine systems. Those systems normally attribute incentive salience to rewards and their cues, but when sensitized may produce compulsive cue-triggered ‘wanting’ for drugs that can persist long after the discontinuation of drug use and the cessation of withdrawal sympt...
The official 2024/25 Australian summer monsoon (ASM) onset occurred on 7 February, more than two weeks later than the previous record. Defined using Darwin winds, the official ASM typically arrives between mid-December and mid-January. Here, we investigate (1) why the ASM onset was record late, despite La Niña-like conditions, and (2) if the late ASM onset was consistent with other unofficial monsoon and rainy season onset def...
Oxygen is critical for nearly all life on Earth, including aquatic species that breathe dissolved oxygen in both freshwater and marine systems. The rapid, global, and anthropogenic loss of dissolved oxygen known as “aquatic deoxygenation” threatens life in these environments, the human communities that depend on them, and Earth system stability long‐term. Recognizing the important and increasingly widespread effects of aquatic...
Transkingdom Interactions Between Viruses and Bacteria: Implications for Wastewater Treatment EfficiencyNARA Subscribed
Human enteric viruses frequently encounter diverse microbial communities in wastewater, where interactions with bacteria and other microorganisms can profoundly influence their environmental persistence and transmission. Increasing evidence demonstrates that bacteria can bind and stabilize enteric viruses, thereby enhancing thermal inactivation and prolonging infectivity. These interactions not only shape viral fate during was...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...