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Bottom‐tow gear fisheries (trawls and dredges) produce ~24 million mt of harvest annually, representing a globally important animal‐sourced food system. While many are currently sustainably managed, growing concern over the potential for ecosystem impacts from bottom‐tow gears has increased pressure to improve these fisheries. We assembled an international working group of > 30 contributors, including fishing industry particip...
Signatures of Radiation‐Induced Stress and Putative Selection on Immune Targets in Chornobyl WolvesNARA Subscribed
Investigating the physiological and evolutionary consequences of contaminant exposure in wild populations is critical for understanding long‐term ecological impacts of anthropogenic change. However, how and why species persist, even thrive, in highly contaminated regions in the absence of humans remains a topic of much debate. We examined the regulatory and genomic impacts of multigenerational chronic radiation exposure to gre...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
A comparison of dating models for reservoir sediment records using mass accumulation, radioisotopes, and Bayesian statisticsNARA Subscribed
Paleolimnological investigations of reservoirs (i.e. human-made lakes) are becoming more common, establishing a need to explore dating approaches for sediment records from reservoirs. Traditional dating methodologies such as Constant Rate of Supply (CRS), 137 Cs, and Mass Accumulation Rate (MAR) have been utilized for sediment records from reservoirs for decades. However, with the advent of newer Bayesian approaches, such as t...
System-wide assessment of plastic pollution in Indonesia: external stakeholder mappingNARA Subscribed
Recent global initiatives, such as the Global Plastics Treaty, highlight the urgency for a systems-based approach to address the risks associated with plastic pollution. However, the implementation of such initiatives is often hindered by the absence of clear criteria for what constitutes a systemic approach and who is included within it. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of external stakeholders, those who are not di...
A review of dietary DNA metabarcoding in marine vertebrates: a new frontier in sea turtle foraging ecology?NARA Subscribed
Diet characterisation is important for understanding trophic roles of animals across space and time, including in response to climate change. This has led to the development of a large range of dietary analysis techniques, from centuries-old morphological stomach analysis to recent molecular techniques. Given the difficulties and limitations of direct analysis in marine animals, here we review DNA-based methods of marine verte...
Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learningNARA Subscribed
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, th...
Understanding the role of micro-organisms in the settlement of coral larvae through community ecologyNARA Subscribed
Successful larval recruitment is essential to the growth of coral reefs and therefore plays a key role in the recovery of degraded reefs worldwide. The rising intensity and frequency of environmental disturbance events and their effect on the establishment of new corals is outpacing the natural capacity of coral reefs to recover. To counter this, restoration programmes are increasingly turning to interventionist approaches to...
Molecular analysis confirms Agama picticauda invasion on Western Indian Ocean islandsNARA Subscribed
The Western Indian Ocean biodiversity hotspot hosts a remarkable array of endemic species, but invasive alien species increasingly threaten its unique ecosystems. Lizards of the West African Agama agama species group are successful colonizers, with recent introductions to Grande Comore (Comoros Archipelago) and Reunion Island. Systematic revisions within the native range of the A. agama species group have left many of the intr...
Animals within social groups respond to costs and benefits of sociality by adjusting the proportion of time they spend in close proximity to other individuals in the group (cohesion). Variation in cohesion between individuals, in turn, shapes important group‐level processes such as subgroup formation and fission–fusion dynamics. Although critical to animal sociality, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing coh...