Purpose Unicoronal craniosynostosis (UCS) involves premature fusion of the left or right coronal suture, resulting in skull deformities and facial asymmetry. Fronto-orbital distraction (FOD) has proven effective for surgically correcting UCS; however, determining optimal surgical parameters (e.g. distraction angle, length, and distractor number) remains challenging. This study aimed to optimise FOD for UCS using finite element...