In this study, a new double-moment warm rain Goddard 4ICE scheme (GCEDM) is developed based on the Goddard 4ICE single-moment (GCESM) scheme and then tested using idealized 2D squall line and 3D supercell simulations. The addition of the total number concentrations for cloud water ( $$\:{N}_{TC}$$ ) and rainwater ( $$\:{N}_{TR}$$ ) enables this new scheme to simulate more diverse raindrop size distributions, making it more rea...

This paper constructs a diamond model for expanding national strategic marine scientific and technological capabilities, establishes a three-dimensional analytical framework of “policy instruments—policy objectives—policy actors,” and conducts a quantitative analysis of 229 policy documents using Nvivo 12. The results indicate that existing policy instruments are inadequately aligned with major strategic needs, production fact...