Chronic inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure affects > 220 million people worldwide and skin cancer is a hallmark of long-term iAs exposure. Limited information exists regarding arsenic methylation by human keratinocytes and how methylation influences skin carcinogenesis. Inorganic arsenite (iAs III ) and its methylated metabolites disrupt diverse zinc finger proteins, leading to differential toxicity patterns. We examined arsenic...

The Asia region harbors exceptional chondrichthyan (shark, ray, and chimaera) diversity but faces intense fishing pressure. The Important Shark and Ray Areas (ISRA) process provides a collaborative, evidence-based framework to identify critical habitats and inform spatial management. We assessed ISRAs across the Bay of Bengal, Southeast Asia, and the Northwest Pacific to characterize their extent, ecological significance, and...

Background Branch pulmonary artery (PA) stenosis is a significant congenital heart defect causing elevated pulmonary blood pressure, trans-stenotic pressure drop, and abnormal differential blood flow to the lungs. We propose combined pressure-flow diagnostic parameters, pressure drop coefficient ( CDP ) and normalized energy loss ( Ē loss ) for improved delineation of stenosis severity. In extension to our previous benchtop ex...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal motor neuron disease characterized by the pathological loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Whereas most ALS cases are caused by a combination of environmental factors and genetic susceptibility, in a relatively small proportion of cases, the disorder results from mutations in genes that are inherited. Defects in several different cellular mechanisms and processe...