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Comparing phosphatised galleried stereom of Ordovician Cincinnaticrinus to modern Endoxocrinus illustrates preservation by micromoldingNARA Subscribed
Fossil echinoderm ossicles are often occluded by syntaxial overgrowths which obscure stereom. Phosphatized ossicles from insoluble residues show fine microstructure. We investigated phosphatized stereom in Cincinnaticrinus columnals in insoluble residues from the Ordovician around Cincinnati, Ohio USA. Microstructures appeared to be stereom micromolds. We tested this hypothesis by examining residue and thin sections of undisso...
Background and aims Urbanization is a stressor that can exacerbate climate change impacts. Urban ecosystems are hotter and drier than their rural counterparts, due to a lack of vegetation and an abundance of impermeable surfaces that characterize cities. Urban greening projects can reverse these trends through microclimate cooling and humidification. Vegetation and aridity gradients have the capacity to modify how neighboring...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Assessment of Bottom Trawl Impacts on the Status of Seabed Communities in European SeasNARA Subscribed
Bottom trawling affects seabed habitats, but its large‐scale impacts remain poorly quantified. Assessment of trawling impacts is essential to support monitoring and achieving sustainability objectives under international conventions, sustainable development goals, and seafood certification programs. We present a Europe‐wide quantitative assessment of bottom trawling impacts, accounting for regional seabed‐community sensitivity...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
This study investigates the age-based life-history traits of two groundfish species, the spotted moray eel ( Gymnothorax moringa ) and squirrelfish ( Holocentrus adscensionis ), found in Ascension Island and St Helena. Both islands are part of the UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs) and are known for their fish biodiversity. The research aims to provide essential life-history information to support sustainable management of these...
Your brain doesn’t look a day past 70! Cross-sectional associations with brain-predicted age in the cognitively-intact oldest-oldNARA Subscribed
The cognitively-intact oldest-old (85 +) may be the most-resilient members of their birth cohort; due to survivorship effects (e.g., depletion of susceptibles), risk factors associated with brain aging biomarkers in younger samples may not generalize to the cognitively-intact oldest-old. We evaluated associations between established aging-related risk factors and brain-predicted age difference (brainPAD) in a cross-sectional c...
Isolated vesicles in submarine pumice: insights from the 2019 Volcano F eruption, Kingdom of TongaNARA Subscribed
No reliable method can distinguish between subaerial and submarine pumice, but recent work shows that highly vesicular (total porosity, φ > 65%) submarine pumice from the 2012 Havre and 2021 Fukutoku Oka-no-Ba eruptions contains abundant isolated porosity (connectivity, C < 0.6). This differs from textural measurements of subaerial pumice with similarly high vesicularities, where high connectivities ( C > 0.8) are often measur...