To clarify an unidentified marine sand-dwelling dinoflagellate isolated from samples collected at a sandy beach of Geoje Island, Korea, its morphology and molecular phylogeny based on the small and partial large subunit rRNA gene sequences were examined. In addition, growth responses and fatty acid content of the isolate under different temperature conditions were investigated to assess its physiological traits and aquaculture...

Halitosis, or bad breath, is associated with oral microbial imbalances and the production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). While existing treatments target pathogenic bacteria or oral health indicators, they may not address the underlying systemic complexity. This study explored the efficacy of Complex OK oral probiotics containing Lactobacillus gasseri HHuMIN D and L. paracasei OK in mitigating halitosis by evaluating VSC...