Introduction Blood biomarkers would be the ideal tool in routine practice in early identifying People With HIV (PWH) with low cognitive performance (LNP). We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of neurodegeneration and brain injury biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum to detect global and domain-specific cognitive performance in PWH. Methods Retrospective cross-sectional study. Serum and CSF Tau, NFL, GFAP,...

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are food-grade microorganisms able to produce and release bioactive compounds of interest to human health. Some LAB strains can synthesize vitamin B2, i.e., riboflavin, a micronutrient essential for cellular metabolism. In this work, six Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolated from fruits of the Mediterranean area were exposed to the selective pressure of roseoflavin in order to select spontaneous rib...

This article presents the outcomes of a national initiative aimed at developing a technical document to support the future Italian National Genomic Strategy, carried out from 2021 to 2024 through the collaboration of 14 research institutions. The project was designed to align with major European genomic initiatives, particularly the “1 + Million Genomes” (1 + MG) Declaration and its supporting programs, including Beyond 1 Mill...

Climate change is predicted to drive geographical range shifts that will result in changes in species diversity and functional composition and have potential repercussions for ecosystem functioning. However, the effect of these changes on species composition and functional diversity (FD) remains unclear, especially for mammals, specifically bats. We used species distribution models and a comprehensive ecological and morphometr...

Hypoxia compromises the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and increases its permeability, thereby inducing inflammation. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) garnered considerable interest due to their neuroregenerative and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential modulatory effects of OEC-conditioned medium (OEC-CM) on the response of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs)...

Upon dietary administration, probiotic microorganisms can reach as live cells the human gut, where they interact with the microbiota and host cells, thereby exerting a beneficial impact on host functions, mainly through immune-modulatory activities. Recently, attention has been drawn by postbiotics, i.e. non-viable probiotic microbes, including their metabolic products, which possess biological activities that benefit the host...

The scarcity of freshwater for agriculture in many regions has led to the application of sewage and saline water for irrigation. Irrigation with non-conventional water sources could become a non-harmful process for plant cultivation, and the effects of their use on crops should be monitored in order to develop optimal management strategies. One possibility to overcome potential barriers is to use biostimulants such as Trichode...

The evaluation of the status of marine communities, and especially the monitoring of those heavily exploited by fisheries, is a key, challenging task in marine sciences. Fishing activities are a major source of disruption to marine food webs, both directly, by selectively removing components at specific trophic levels (TL), and indirectly, by altering habitats and production cycles. Food web analysis can be very useful in the...

Honey is a valuable reservoir of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and, particularly, of fructophilic LAB (FLAB), a relatively novel subgroup of LAB whose functional potential for human and food application has yet to be explored. In this study, FLAB and LAB strains have been isolated from honeys of different floral origins and selected for their broad antimicrobial activity against typical foodborne pathogenic bacteria and spoilage...

Viral infections have always been the main global health challenge, as several potentially lethal viruses, including the hepatitis virus, herpes virus, and influenza virus, have affected human health for decades. Unfortunately, most licensed antiviral drugs are characterized by many adverse reactions and, in the long-term therapy, also develop viral resistance; for these reasons, researchers have focused their attention on inv...

As a result of warming and precipitation deficits, the increasing shortage of water resources, droughts have become one of the main drivers of desertification, land degradation and food insecurity with direct impacts on ecosystems and society, especially in fragile communities. Over the Iberian Peninsula, a known climate change hotspot, the occurrence of droughts varies in intensity and severity, being its assessment under pre...