David A. Edwards results 288
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Genetic ancestry proportion influences risk of adverse events from tuberculosis treatment in BrazilNARA Subscribed
Tuberculosis (TB) treatment is highly effective, but response to therapy varies by geography and population subgroups. We assessed differences in TB treatment response in a representative and heterogeneous Brazilian population. We estimated genetic ancestry according to major genetic ancestry groups (African, European, and Amerindian) in the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis (RePORT)-Brazil cohort usi...
We have attempted to re-establish bay scallops to the Virginia, U.S.A. coastal bays and document the dynamics of the restoration effort. Bay scallops ( Argopecten irradians ) once flourished in the eelgrass ( Zostera marina ) of the Virginia coastal bays. Eelgrass wasting disease led to declines, and both eelgrass and scallops were completely lost after a 1933 hurricane. The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) led a su...
Biological Sex Is Binary and Rooted in AnisogamyNARA Subscribed
The definition of biological sex has become a renewed focus of societal debate, fuelled by the conflation of biological principles with discussions of human gender diversity. Here, we argue that conceptual clarity critically depends on separating these domains. Drawing on evolutionary theory and empirical evidence, we maintain that biological sex is best defined as a binary classification of male and female reproductive strate...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Key message Soybean rust-associated haplotypes around significant SNPs show variable effects across diverse accessions, while distinct soybean mosaic virus-resistant haplotypes were identified at the Rsv1 locus on chromosome 13. Abstract Soybean rust (SBR), caused by the fungal pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi, significantly affects soybean yield and quality globally. Here, we present an association and haplotype analysis of 2,8...
Accessing crop genetic diversity via pangenomicsNARA Subscribed
With the increasing accuracy and decreasing cost of sequencing technology, the extent of structural variation (SV) and its importance in crop species has become increasingly evident. SVs such as insertions, deletions, and inversions have been associated with genetic variation of agronomically important traits and the diversification of crop species. Pangenomes aim to capture the genetic diversity of a species, population or ge...
Addressing urgent conservation issues, such as the drastic declines of North American migratory birds, requires creative, evidence‐based, efficient, and collaborative approaches. The abundance of over 50% of monitored North American shorebird populations has declined by over 50% since 1980. To address these declines, we developed a partnership of scientists and practitioners called the Shorebird Science and Conservation Collec...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Metabolic cost of external work: a novel CPET parameter optimises characterisation of exercise performance in obese individualsNARA Subscribed
Purpose Both obesity and cardiorespiratory fitness are crucial determinants of symptoms and prognosis. However, interpreting the gold-standard cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is complicated by increasing body size and varying body composition. We hypothesised that the ‘metabolic cost of external work’ (or oxygen uptake (ml/min)/workload (Watts); V̇O 2 /W), a body weight-independent determinant of endurance capacity, would...
Quest for Orthologs in the era of Data Deluge and AI: Challenges and Innovations in Orthology Prediction and Data IntegrationNARA Subscribed
The rapid advancement of DNA sequencing technologies and computational algorithms has led to an unprecedented surge in genomic data, driven by several large-scale sequencing projects worldwide. Orthology plays a crucial role in understanding evolutionary patterns of genes and their functions. At the last Quest for Orthologs meeting (Montréal, Canada—2024), we discussed recent advances in orthology inference, with a focus on th...
Congener Conflict: Invasive Barred Owl Landscape Use Across the Range of the Northern Spotted OwlNARA Subscribed
Aim To map the probability of landscape use of invading barred owls ( Strix varia ) across the range of the threatened northern spotted owl ( S. Occidentallis Caurina ) in the Pacific Northwest, USA , identifying environmental drivers of barred owl landscape use to inform targeted management interventions. Location Forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA. Taxon Barred Owl ( Strix varia ). Methods We deployed 4081 autonomous reco...
A Review of Abrupt Permafrost Thaw: Definitions, Usage, and a Proposed Conceptual FrameworkNARA Subscribed
Purpose of Review We review how ‘abrupt thaw’ has been used in published studies, compare these definitions to abrupt processes in other Earth science disciplines, and provide a definitive framework for how abrupt thaw should be used in the context of permafrost science. Recent Findings We address several aspects of permafrost systems necessary for abrupt thaw to occur and propose a framework for classifying permafrost process...