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The Pecos pupfish, Cyprinodon pecosensis , is an imperilled freshwater fish found in arid regions of Texas and New Mexico (USA). The species faces multiple challenges to persistence including reductions in suitable habitat, water shortages, as well as hybridization and competition with an introduced congener (sheepshead minnow, C. variegatus ). As part of the current management strategy, refuge populations, seeded with non‐int...
Whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) has greatly expanded researchers' ability to study structural variants (SVs), that is, the variation in the presence, number, orientation or position of a DNA sequence. This has paved the way to study the eco‐evolutionary dynamics of SVs across the tree of life and within a population genomics framework. In this review, we provide the necessary fundamentals to help researchers generate and analyse...
A major goal of speciation research is identifying loci that underpin barriers to gene flow. Population genomics takes a ‘bottom‐up’ approach, scanning the genome for molecular signatures of processes that drive or maintain divergence. However, interpreting the ‘genomic landscape’ of speciation is complicated, because genome scans conflate multiple processes, most of which are not informative about gene flow. However, studying...
Conservation benefits of a large marine protected area network that spans multiple ecosystemsNARA Subscribed
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely implemented tools for long‐term ocean conservation and resource management. Assessments of MPA performance have largely focused on specific ecosystems individually and have rarely evaluated performance across multiple ecosystems either in an individual MPA or across an MPA network. We evaluated the conservation performance of 59 MPAs in California's large MPA network, which encompasses...
Drivers of genomic landscapes of differentiation across a Populus divergence gradientNARA Subscribed
Speciation, the continuous process by which new species form, is often investigated by looking at the variation of nucleotide diversity and differentiation across the genome (hereafter genomic landscapes). A key challenge lies in how to determine the main evolutionary forces at play shaping these patterns. One promising strategy, albeit little used to date, is to comparatively investigate these genomic landscapes as progressio...
Disease and parasitism cause major welfare, environmental and economic concerns for global aquaculture. In this review, we examine the status and potential of technologies that exploit genetic variation in host resistance to tackle this problem. We argue that there is an urgent need to improve understanding of the genetic mechanisms involved, leading to the development of tools that can be applied to boost host resistance and...
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disab...
Genetic and ecological consequences of recent habitat fragmentation in a narrow endemic plant species within an urban contextNARA Subscribed
Understanding the timescales that shape spatial genetic structure is pivotal to ascertain the impact of habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity and reproductive viability of long-lived plant populations. Combining genetic and ecological information with current and past fragmentation conditions allows the identification of the main drivers important in shaping population structure and declines in reproduction, which is...
Breaking down barriers in morning gloriesNARA Subscribed
One of the most striking and consistent results in speciation genomics is the heterogeneous divergence observed across the genomes of closely related species. This pattern was initially attributed to different levels of gene exchange—with divergence preserved at loci generating a barrier to gene flow but homogenized at unlinked neutral loci. Although there is evidence to support this model, it is now recognized that interpreti...
Weighing the Evidence of Common Beliefs in Obesity ResearchNARA Subscribed
Since Darwin’s pioneering research on plant reproductive biology (e.g. Darwin 1877 ), understanding the mechanisms maintaining the diverse sexual strategies of plants has remained an important challenge for evolutionary biologists. In some species, populations are sexually polymorphic and contain two or more mating morphs (sex phenotypes). Differences in morphology or phenology among the morphs influence patterns of non‐random...
Hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidative stress responses in Desulfovibrio vulgaris HildenboroughNARA Subscribed
Summary To understand how sulphate‐reducing bacteria respond to oxidative stresses, the responses of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough to H 2 O 2 ‐induced stresses were investigated with transcriptomic, proteomic and genetic approaches. H 2 O 2 and induced chemical species (e.g. polysulfide, ROS) and redox potential shift increased the expressions of the genes involved in detoxification, thioredoxin‐dependent reduction syst...
The photosynthesis – leaf nitrogen relationship at ambient and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide: a meta‐analysisNARA Subscribed
Estimation of leaf photosynthetic rate ( A ) from leaf nitrogen content ( N ) is both conceptually and numerically important in models of plant, ecosystem, and biosphere responses to global change. The relationship between A and N has been studied extensively at ambient CO 2 but much less at elevated CO 2 . This study was designed to (i) assess whether the A–N relationship was more similar for species within than between commu...
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