Multi-module DC–DC converters are well suited to shipboard DC power systems with stringent requirements for high power density, operational safety, and continuous power supply. By distributing the system voltage, current, and power among multiple submodules (SMs), the modular architecture reduces device stresses and facilitates capacity expansion, maintenance, and redundant operation. Among the available modular configurations...

Underwater manipulator grasping remains challenging because image blur, light attenuation, and flow-induced disturbances degrade perception and control. These factors make target localization, contact judgment, and stable lifting difficult, especially when visual degradation and tactile fluctuation occur together. We propose AVT-TD3, an adaptive visual–tactile fusion reinforcement learning method for underwater manipulator gra...