Fossil echinoderm ossicles are often occluded by syntaxial overgrowths which obscure stereom. Phosphatized ossicles from insoluble residues show fine microstructure. We investigated phosphatized stereom in Cincinnaticrinus columnals in insoluble residues from the Ordovician around Cincinnati, Ohio USA. Microstructures appeared to be stereom micromolds. We tested this hypothesis by examining residue and thin sections of undisso...

Residential gardens have the potential to support native biodiversity across cities. Certification programmes designed to motivate residents to perform pro-biodiversity gardening actions require a formal process of garden biodiversity assessment. We evaluated whether a garden biodiversity assessment process was effective at motivating pro-biodiversity gardening behaviours. A one-off garden assessment accompanied by feedback wa...

Cellular senescence and necroptosis are two cell fates, which trigger an inflammatory response and increase with age, that have been proposed to play a role in inflammaging. In this study, we performed the first study to directly test the possible interaction between necroptosis and cellular senescence. Using a novel Mlkl -KI mouse model, we were able to specifically induce (~ 4-fold) the overexpression of MLKL, the necroptoti...

Urban forests provide numerous benefits including habitat for wildlife, improving human health, purifying air and water, and preventing and mitigating the effects of climate change. The need to protect and improve our urban forests will only increase as populations increase and cities densify and expand over time. However, urban forest establishment and maintenance is challenging due to a lack of effective policies, delays, la...

Mountain species are predicted to respond to warming temperatures by moving to higher elevations that remain relatively cool. Species can track warming by shifting their entire distributions upwards (the “escalator to extinction” hypothesis) or by increasing in abundance in the upper portion of their elevational range while maintaining stable elevational limits (the “upslope lean” hypothesis). Alternatively, mountain species m...

We combine published and new mineralogical data on most major taxa of brachiopods from all over the world, to investigate patterns and controls on brachiopod carbonate mineralogy. Measurements of 1726 specimens in 162 species (including 56 fossil species) ranged from 79°N to 74°S and from intertidal to almost 4000 m deep. Calcareous brachiopods mostly create strong resilient valves of very low‐Mg calcite ( = 1.3 wt% MgCO 3 )....

To study the impact of necroptosis-induced chronic inflammation on age-related diseases and aging, two knockin mouse models ( Ripk3 -KI and Mlkl -KI) were generated that overexpress two genes involved in necroptosis ( Ripk3 or Mlkl ) when crossed to Cre transgenic mice. Crossing Ripk3 -KI or Mlkl -KI mice to albumin-Cre transgenic mice produced hepatocyte specific hRipk3 -KI or hMlkl -KI mice, which express the two transgenes...

Aim The biotic interactions hypothesis predicts that interactions between species are stronger at lower elevations compared to higher elevations. We tested whether this prediction is met by examining elevational patterns in avian haemosporidian infections in New Guinean birds. Location YUS Conservation Area, Papua New Guinea. Taxon Birds and haemosporidia. Methods We collected blood samples from 2268 individuals of 66 bird spe...

Single-phase fluid flow velocity maps in Ketton and Estaillades carbonate rock core plugs are computed at a pore scale, using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) simulations performed directly on three-dimensional (3D) X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) images (≤ 7 µm spatial resolution) of the core plugs. The simulations are then benchmarked on a voxel-by-voxel and pore-by-pore basis to quantitative, 3D spatially resolved m...