Climate change is reshaping the distributions of marine species and disrupting functional connectivity among protected areas, yet few studies have quantified how these shifts alter the performance of marine protected area (MPA) networks. This study assessed climate-driven changes in functional connectivity for eight economically important fish species across 193 coastal MPAs in China under current conditions and two end-of-cen...

Understanding how climate change and anthropogenic stressors jointly affect threatened marine species is critical for conservation planning, yet integrated assessments remain scarce in China’s coastal waters. Using an ensemble species distribution modelling framework (Biomod2) with six algorithms, we projected habitat suitability for ten threatened marine species under climate-only and global-change scenarios for 2040–2050 und...

Accelerating climate change and chronic anthropogenic pressures demand connectivity-based design of marine protected area networks (MPANs). Yet integrating dynamic species responses and cumulative human pressures into spatial planning remains a key challenge, particularly in marginal seas at the land–ocean interface. As a biodiversity hotspot under intensive development, the Yellow and Bohai Seas (YBS) exemplify this complexit...

Due to the limitations of farming space, fish cage aquaculture is gradually expanding into offshore deep-sea areas, where the environmental conditions surrounding deep-sea fish cages are more complex and harsher compared to those in shallower offshore locations. Conventional multi-point moored gravity flexible fish cages are prone to damage in the more hostile environments of the deep sea. In this paper, we present a design fo...