Introduction The effective implementation of the Agreement on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement) depends on how information related to ocean data and marine genetic resources (MGRs) is collected, shared, and accessed across institutions and jurisdictions. Central to this effort is the Clearing-House Mechanism (CHM), an open digital platform...

The Guajira Upwelling System (GUS) is located between 10–12.5° N and 61–75.5° W in the Southern–Central Caribbean Sea. This study examines its spatial and seasonal variability using upwelling indices derived from surface differences in temperature, salinity, density, and absolute dynamic topography between the GUS and a nearby Caribbean region (78–68° W, 10–16° N) not affected by coastal upwelling. Weekly time series from 1998...

Traditional phytoplankton characterization based on morphology is often labor-intensive and requires specialized taxonomic expertise. CHEMTAX, a chemotaxonomic identification method, offers a more efficient process for assessing phytoplankton composition, providing a better alternative for long-term sampling studies. Hence, this study describes seasonal phytoplankton communities within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuar...

Climate change is causing significant changes in maritime habitats, altering the distribution of marine organisms and potentially leading to poleward migration of species, impacting fishing operations and coastal communities' subsistence methods. The present study analyzed the distribution of the Indian Ocean immature albacore tuna ( Thunnus alalunga ) by using an ensemble modeling approach and considering three representative...

The need for ocean information has never been greater. From climate change to food security and extreme events, we need to understand the role of the ocean and better predict change and impact. This is only possible with the sustained collection of a key set of ocean observations. The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) coordinates international efforts to collect these Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs), which span physics, bi...

The critical role of biology Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) in advancing our understanding of marine ecosystems underscores the need for sophisticated observation tools like Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Maritime Autonomous Vehicles (MAVs). However, the integration of these technologies in Marine Scientific Research (MSR) has surfaced significant legal and policy challenges. This stu...

The Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) is a global community of practice and network that links individuals and groups in an effort to monitor and understand changes in marine biodiversity. MBON functions within the larger framework of the Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Networks (GEO BON). These networks support mobilization of data to help nations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals...

Scientific discoveries and progress are often attributed to a single scientist or to a small team of scientists. Increasingly, we also recognize the important contributions of students, postdocs, and early career researchers. But there is a “village” of people behind the scenes in each institution, in each agency, in each ship and shipyard that allows ocean science to function. This large part of our community makes oceanograp...

Predicting microbial metabolic rates and emergent biogeochemical fluxes remains challenging due to the many unknown population dynamical, physiological and reaction‐kinetic parameters and uncertainties in species composition. Here, we show that the need for these parameters can be eliminated when population dynamics and reaction kinetics operate at much shorter time scales than physical mixing processes. Such scenarios are wid...

Measuring plankton and associated variables as part of ocean time-series stations has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of ocean biology and ecology and their ties to ocean biogeochemistry. It will open temporal scales (e.g., resolving diel cycles) not typically sampled as a function of depth. In this review we motivate the addition of biological measurements to time-series sites by detailing science questions t...

Sea-level rise is impacting the longest undeveloped stretch of coastline in the contiguous United States: The Florida Big Bend. Due to its low elevation and a higher-than-global-average local rate of sea-level rise, the region is losing coastal forest to encroaching marsh at an unprecedented rate. Previous research found a rate of forest-to-marsh conversion of up to 1.2 km 2 year −1 during the nineteenth and twentieth centurie...

We examine the main drivers that may elevate biomass and biodiversity of non-chemosynthetic benthic megafauna of the lower bathyal (800-3500m depth) of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the North Atlantic Ocean (MAR). Specifically: 1. Primary production in surface waters (10°-48°N) from remote sensing data 2002-2020 over the MAR was not significantly different from abyssal regions to the east and west. We reject the hypothesis that pr...

The Oceanography Society (TOS) Honors Program provides opportunities for its members to amplify the Society’s values (https://tos.org/about) and to recognize and celebrate the accomplishments of colleagues. However, individual and systemic biases can affect the nomination and selection process. In fall 2021, the TOS Council postponed a cycle of the Honors Program due to lack of diversity in nominees (https://tos.org/tos-news-j...

Maintaining healthy, productive ecosystems in the face of pervasive and accelerating human impacts including climate change requires globally coordinated and sustained observations of marine biodiversity. Global coordination is predicated on an understanding of the scope and capacity of existing monitoring programs, and the extent to which they use standardized, interoperable practices for data management. Global coordination...

Standardized methods for effectively and rapidly monitoring changes in the biodiversity of marine ecosystems are critical to assess status and trends in ways that are comparable between locations and over time. In intertidal and subtidal habitats, estimates of fractional cover and abundance of organisms are typically obtained with traditional quadrat-based methods, and collection of photoquadrat imagery is a standard practice....