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Diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia using quantitative PCR targeting lytA and piaB in adult patients with community-acquired pneumoniaNARA Subscribed
Purpose Accurate diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia remains challenging due to suboptimal sensitivity of conventional microbiological methods. Molecular techniques may improve Streptococcus pneumoniae detection, but their clinical utility remains uncertain. Methods In this prospective observational study, we compared conventional diagnostics with qPCR-based detection of lytA and piaB genes in nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, sa...
New remains of Stegodon zhaotongensis (Proboscidea, Stegodontidae) from the Late Miocene site of Shuitangba, Yunnan Province, ChinaNARA Subscribed
The Late Miocene site of Shuitangba in southwestern China has yielded a diverse vertebrate fauna and abundant plant fossils from swamp-edge and shallow lake sediments, indicating a warm, humid climate with strong temperature and precipitation seasonality, and higher regional rainfall amounts than in modern times at the site. Subtropical, evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated the ecosystem, accompanied by aquatic vegetation,...
The safety of using ethanol-based products for hygienic hand disinfection in healthcare workers is controlled by restricting air levels. This raises the question of whether these workers are sufficiently protected against potential dermal absorption. The study aim was to determine the contribution of the dermal route to the total uptake of ethanol. A laboratory-controlled study of 25 sequential alcohol-based-hand-rubs (ABHRs)...
The late Early Miocene site of Buluk, Kenya, has yielded a rich mammalian fauna comprised of about 30 species in 20 genera, notably including a stem cercopithecoid and a range of primitive hominoids. This temporal interval is poorly represented in Africa but is important because it coincides with the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO), a previous period of global warming tied to a carbon excursion. As the only late Early Miocene f...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Background Host DNA depletion is a critical tool for accessing the microbiomes of samples that have a small amount of microbial DNA contained in a high host background. Of critical practical importance is the ability to identify microbial DNA sequences in frozen tissue specimens. Here, we compare four existing commercial methods and two newly introduced methods involving chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) on frozen human and...
Wild congeners of cultivated fruit trees are vital sources of genetic diversity for crop improvement and key targets for conservation. However, cultivating crops within the range of rare wild congeners increases the risk of interspecific hybridization, threatening the genomic integrity of wild species. This is a concern for Pyrus in Central Asia, where a critically endangered wild species, P. korshinskyi , coexists with cultiv...
Pure mycelium materials (PMMs) are a sustainable alternative for a range of non-sustainable products such as textile, leather and meat. So far, properties of PMMs of different fungi have not been systematically assessed. Here, 11 mushroom-forming fungi, of which 10 isolated from nature, were grown in liquid shaken cultures. Schizophyllum commune, Ganoderma resinaceum , and Trametes betulina produced the highest biomass (8.62,...
Fuels Mediate the Influence of Climate Teleconnections on Wildfires in Dryland EcosystemsNARA Subscribed
Climate teleconnections modulate regional wildfire occurrence. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is critical for sub‐seasonal to annual wildfire predictions since the magnitude of certain teleconnection climate modes (TCMs) intensifies or they may undergo phase shifts. Here, we study how TCMs govern wildfire activity and compare the effects of weather and fuels in mediating the influence of TCMs on wildfires. Globally, b...
Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R packag...
Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learningNARA Subscribed
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, th...
An exploration of the perspectives of Dutch adults experiencing a genetic condition on human germline gene editingNARA Subscribed
Views of people with a genetic condition are crucial in deliberations on human germline gene editing (HGGE), but their perspectives are at risk to be devalued due to epistemic injustice and insufficient attention for the possible sensitivities surrounding HGGE. This study set out to explore the perspectives of people dealing with a genetic condition regarding HGGE, and the possible sensitivities surrounding this topic. We cond...