Ocean acidification has been identified in the Planetary Boundary Framework as a planetary process approaching a boundary that could lead to unacceptable environmental change. Using revised estimates of pre‐industrial aragonite saturation state, state‐of‐the‐art data‐model products, including uncertainties and assessing impact on ecological indicators, we improve upon the ocean acidification planetary boundary assessment and d...

Along with other carbon monitoring groups, the ocean acidification (OA) community has been observing, modeling, and projecting the impacts of changing carbonate chemistry for over two decades. The Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON) has three key goals related to these issues: (1) improve understanding of global OA conditions, (2) improve understanding of ecosystem responses to OA, and (3) acquire and exchang...

It is widely projected that under future climate scenarios the economic importance of Arctic Ocean fish stocks will increase. The Arctic Ocean is especially vulnerable to ocean acidification and already experiences low pH levels not projected to occur on a global scale until 2100. This paper outlines how ocean acidification must be considered with other potential stressors to accurately predict movement of fish stocks toward,...

Anthropogenic stressors can alter the structure and functioning of infaunal communities, which are key drivers of the carbon cycle in marine soft sediments. Nonetheless, the compounded effects of anthropogenic stressors on carbon fluxes in soft benthic systems remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the cumulative effects of ocean acidification (OA) and hypoxia on the organic carbon fate in marine sediments, through a me...

Understanding long‐term, ecosystem‐level impacts of climate change is challenging because experimental research frequently focuses on short‐term, individual‐level impacts in isolation. We address this shortcoming first through an interdisciplinary ensemble of novel experimental techniques to investigate the impacts of 14‐month exposure to ocean acidification and warming ( OAW ) on the physiology, activity, predatory behaviour...

Marine p CO 2 enrichment via ocean acidification (OA), upwelling and release from carbon capture and storage (CCS) facilities is projected to have devastating impacts on marine biomineralisers and the services they provide. However, empirical studies using stable endpoint p CO 2 concentrations find species exhibit variable biological and geochemical responses rather than the expected negative patterns. In addition, the carbona...

Cold‐water coral ( CWC ) reefs are recognized as ecologically and biologically significant areas that generate habitats and diversity. The interaction between hydrodynamics and CWC s has been well studied at the M ingulay R eef C omplex, a relatively shallow area of reefs found on the continental shelf off S cotland, UK . Within ‘ M ingulay A rea 01’ a rapid tidal downwelling of surface waters, brought about as an internal wav...

We use a meta‐analysis to quantify the response of Emiliania huxleyi particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) to particulate organic carbon (POC) ratio under different laboratory conditions and changes in carbonate chemistry. There is an overarching trend of decreasing PIC : POC across all ecotypes irrespective of the strain, isolation date, isolation location, and method of acidification. The variability about this overall trend is...

The global ocean and atmosphere are warming. There is increasing evidence suggesting that, in addition to other environmental factors, climate change is affecting species distributions and local population dynamics. Additionally, as a consequence of the growing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), the oceans are taking up increasing amounts of this CO 2 , causing ocean pH to decrease (ocean acidification). The relativ...