Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipidic shuttles involved in inter‐species communication, virulence, and host immune modulation. While their roles are increasingly understood in animal‐bacteria interactions, knowledge of phytobacterial EVs remains limited. Recent findings indicate that biotic factors like hydroxycinnamic acids can regulate EV production. Hydroxycinnamic acids, such as ferulic acid, are abundant lign...

Summary Ectomycorrhizal fungi play an essential role in the ecology of boreal and temperate forests through the improvement of tree mineral nutrition. Potassium (K + ) is an essential nutrient for plants and is needed in high amounts. We recently demonstrated that the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum improves the K + nutrition of Pinus pinaster under shortage conditions. Part of the transport systems involved in...