Subspecies have been used in conservation biology to account for intraspecific patterns in genetic diversity, which is crucial to long‐term population viability. Although over 3200 subspecies are currently assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, their biological relevance remains controversial. Here, we analyzed patterns of subspecies counts across more than 33,000 tetrapod species, and using h...

Intergroup encounters (IGEs) are a major feature of social life for group-living primates, influencing access to resources, reproductive opportunities, and territory. We examined IGE frequency, intensity, and participation in a high-density population of wild white-faced capuchin monkeys ( Cebus imitator ) at the Capuchinos de Taboga research project in Guanacaste, Costa Rica, using 4 years of data on three capuchin groups (4,...

Aim Frugivorous birds provide crucial seed‐dispersal functions in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the impact of climate change on plant–avian frugivore interactions remains unclear due to past methodological limitations. In this study, we address this by mapping these interactions across the Americas and projecting shifts in interaction diversity under future climate scenarios. Location North, South, and Central America. Time...

Marine primary production, converting approximately 50 Gt of inorganic carbon into organic carbon per year, is an important component of the global carbon cycle, and a major determinant of past, present and future climate. Large-scale, long-term estimates of marine primary production rely primarily on two types of models: satellite-based models that make extensive use of remote-sensing data, and ecosystem models providing nume...

Microbially-mediated transformations are important for removing wastewater chemicals in rivers. In-stream degradation rates are likely to be affected by channel morphology and size because these factors determine the extent of chemical contact between the water column and the microbial community in fixed biofilms, where most microbially-mediated processes are expected to take place. We hypothesize that transformation rate cons...

Aim Our goals were (1) to identify the metacommunity structure of the reef fish fauna as well as the structure of its constituent trophic guilds (invertivores, generalist carnivores, omnivores, herbivores, planktivores and piscivores); (2) to evaluate the extent to which metacommunity compartmentalization is associated with biogeographic phenomena (isolation by distance, habitat filtering, estuarine plumes): and (3) to identif...

There are high expectations that agricultural practices can mitigate climate change and improve soil health by increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. However, existing large scale SOC monitoring treats agricultural management as a black box, meaning that observed patterns and trends cannot inform on the option space of agricultural practices to improve or deteriorate SOC stocks. Here, we combine for the first time manage...

Fisheries modelling requires specialist training, but the availability of suitably skilled modellers is limiting delivery of science to inform management. Agentic AI can automate computing workflows and will increasingly be used in ecological modelling. However, the quality of AI generated results is of concern because of risks of logically flawed code and inconsistent answers. Here, we tested whether a general‐purpose AI agen...