Urban areas are altered from natural landscapes in several ways that can impact wildlife. Birds are widespread in urban areas, and it is well documented that there are phenotypic differences between urban and non‐urban conspecifics. However, little is known about which characteristics of the urban environment are driving differences. We used 9 years of data from nest boxes spread across 20 sites along a 40‐km urban–non‐urban g...

Individual variation among and within natural populations can have eco‐evolutionary implications by, for example, affecting species interactions or evolutionary potential. Urban systems present a unique opportunity to evaluate how environmental change shapes variation since urban phenotypic differentiation is widely documented on contemporary timescales. We introduce and test three hypotheses to determine how urbanisation affe...

Aim We test the hypothesis that wind dispersal is more common among emergent tree species given that being tall increases the likelihood of effective seed dispersal. Location Americas, Africa and the Asia‐Pacific. Time period 1970–2020. Major taxa studied Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Methods We used a dataset consisting of tree inventories from 2821 plots across three biogeographic regions (Americas, Africa and Asia‐Pacific),...

In many vertebrate societies dominant individuals breed at substantially higher rates than subordinates, but whether this hastens ageing remains poorly understood. While frequent reproduction may trade off against somatic maintenance, the extraordinary fecundity and longevity of some social insect queens highlight that breeders need not always suffer more rapid somatic deterioration than their nonbreeding subordinates. Here, w...

Cities pose a major ecological challenge for wildlife worldwide. Phenotypic variation, which can result from underlying genetic variation or plasticity, is an important metric to understand eco‐evolutionary responses to environmental change. Recent work suggests that urban populations might have higher levels of phenotypic variation than non‐urban counterparts. This prediction, however, has never been tested across species nor...

Urbanisation is a globally occurring phenomenon and is predicted to continue increasing rapidly. Urban ecosystems present novel environments and challenges which species must acclimate or adapt to. These novel challenges alter existing or create new selection pressures on behaviours which provide an opportunity to investigate eco-evolutionary responses to contemporary environmental change. We used 7 years of breeding data from...

The incidence of skeletal anomalies in reared fish has been translated for years in important economic losses for the aquaculture industry. In the present study, we have analysed the gene expression of extracellular matrix components and transcription factors involved in bone development in gilthead sea bream presenting different skeletal anomalies: lordosis (LD), lordosis–scoliosis–kyphosis (LSK) or opercular, dental or jaw m...

Glucokinase (GK) catalyses the first step of hepatic glycolysis to store the excess dietary glucose. After rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were fed a single meal with dietary glucose and fructose, there was induction of GK expression, although no specific effect of dietary fructose was observed. This suggested that dietary fructose is not essential to improve dietary glucose Utilization.