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Ocean acidification (OA) generally receives far less consideration than other climate stressors and related hazards, such as global warming and extreme weather events. Canada is uniquely vulnerable to OA given its extensive coastal oceans, the oceanographic processes in its three basins, accelerated warming and sea-ice melt, and extensive coastal communities and maritime economic sectors. Canada’s coastline is also home to ext...
The Role of Low Global Warming Potential Propellants on Suspension Metered Dose Inhaler SpraysNARA Subscribed
The reformulation of suspension-based pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI) with low global warming potential (GWP) propellants is challenged by wide-ranging changes to their chemicophysical properties such as vapor pressure, density and latent heat. The effect of low-GWP propellants on spray pattern and plume geometry for suspension pMDIs are not fully understood. There is a lack of data regarding the role of propellant ch...
A Quantitative Classification of the Geography of Non‐Native Flora in the United StatesNARA Subscribed
Aim Non‐native plants have the potential to harm ecosystems. Harm is classically related to their distribution and abundance, but this geographical information is often unknown. Here, we assess geographical commonness as a potential indicator of invasive status for non‐native flora in the United States. Geographical commonness could inform invasion risk assessments across species and ecoregions. Location Conterminous United St...
Elevated vascular endothelial growth factor a is associated with disruption of default network connectivity in older adultsNARA Subscribed
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) is an angiogenic signaling protein involved in the maintenance of the cerebral vasculature. No prior study has explored whether plasma VEGF-A levels may be associated with brain functional connectivity changes, such as disruption of the default mode network (DMN), which often precedes the development of cognitive changes in aging. Seventy-six independently living older adults (mean...
In-vitro Evaluation of Solution Pressurised Metered Dose Inhaler Sprays with Low-GWP PropellantsNARA Subscribed
Purpose The transition from high Global Warming Potential (GWP) propellants such as HFA134a to low-GWP alternatives such as HFA152a and HFO1234ze(E) in pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) poses a number of challenges for inhaled pharmaceutical product development. Changes in chemicophysical properties will alter product performance, impacting in-vitro bioequivalence metrics. This study investigates those differences usin...
Land surface conductance linked to precipitation: Co‐evolution of vegetation and climate in Earth system modelsNARA Subscribed
Vegetation and precipitation are known to fundamentally influence each other. However, this interdependence is not fully represented in climate models because the characteristics of land surface (canopy) conductance to water vapor and CO 2 are determined independently of precipitation. Working within a coupled atmosphere and land modelling framework (CAM6/CLM5; coupled Community Atmosphere Model v6/Community Land Model v5), we...
Warming of the Arctic due to climate change means the Arctic Ocean is now free from ice for longer, as sea ice melts earlier and refreezes later. Yet, it remains unclear how this extended ice-free period will impact carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes due to scarcity of surface ocean CO2 measurements. Baseline measurements are urgently needed to understand spatial and temporal air–sea CO2 flux variability in the changing Arctic Ocean....
Responses of the terrestrial biosphere to rapidly changing environmental conditions are a major source of uncertainty in climate projections. In an effort to reduce this uncertainty, a wide range of global change experiments have been conducted that mimic future conditions in terrestrial ecosystems, manipulating CO 2 , temperature, and nutrient and water availability. Syntheses of results across experiments provide a more gene...
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disab...
A novel survey of raptor collections in Europe and their potential to provide samples for pan-European contaminant monitoringNARA Subscribed
This paper provides a novel survey of current collections of frozen raptor carcasses and tissue samples in natural history museums (NHMs), environmental specimen banks (ESBs) and other research collections (ORCs e.g. at universities and research institutes) across Europe and assesses the extent to which collections might support pan-European raptor biomonitoring through the provision of samples for contaminant analyses. The pa...
The introduction of a surface into the marine environment begins a process known as biofouling, which increases the weight and hydrodynamic drag of the fouled structure. This process is detrimental to maritime vessels and costs the industry ∼$150B in fuel and maintenance spending annually. Preventing the settlement of fouling organisms mitigates these issues and limits the spread of non-indigenous species (NIS). This is primar...
Terrestrial ecosystems regulate Earth's climate through water, energy, and biogeochemical transformations. Despite a key role in regulating the Earth system, terrestrial ecology has historically been underrepresented in the Earth system models (ESMs) that are used to understand and project global environmental change. Ecology and Earth system modeling must be integrated for scientists to fully comprehend the role of ecological...
Globally, collapse of ecosystems—potentially irreversible change to ecosystem structure, composition and function—imperils biodiversity, human health and well‐being. We examine the current state and recent trajectories of 19 ecosystems, spanning 58° of latitude across 7.7 M km 2 , from Australia's coral reefs to terrestrial Antarctica. Pressures from global climate change and regional human impacts, occurring as chronic ‘press...
Birds of prey, owls and falcons are widely used as sentinel species in raptor biomonitoring programmes. A major current challenge is to facilitate large-scale biomonitoring by coordinating contaminant monitoring activities and by building capacity across countries. This requires sharing, dissemination and adoption of best practices addressed by the Networking Programme Research and Monitoring for and with Raptors in Europe (EU...