The archaeological site of Perdigões (Reguengos de Monsaraz, Portugal) was a centre of social and ceremonial importance with diverse funeral traditions from the middle 4th to the 3rd millennium BC. Previous strontium isotope analysis of human remains indicates that these funerary contexts contained individuals from a wide catchment area. Together with artefactual evidence, it suggests Perdigões was a part of a large interactio...

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is becoming one of the leading health problems in Western societies, diminishing quality of life and consuming a significant share of healthcare resources. This study presents machine learning models for T2D diagnosis and prognosis, developed using heterogeneous data from a Spanish population dataset (Di@bet.es study). The models were trained exclusively on individuals classified as controls and undiagnos...

The microbial ecology of meromictic lakes assessed with “omics” is still poorly studied compared to other aquatic systems. Here, a combination of metagenomics, high resolution sampling and detailed physical–chemical data gathering allowed to study the planktonic prokaryotic assemblages and metabolic capabilities in the crenogenic meromictic Lake El Tobar (Spain), a model lake for such purposes. This system presents a specific...

Evolutionary adaptations of prokaryotes to the environment sometimes result in genome reduction. Our knowledge of this phenomenon among free‐living bacteria remains scarce. We address the dynamics and limits of genome reduction by examining one of the most abundant bacteria in the ocean, the SAR86 clade. Despite its abundance, comparative genomics has been limited by the absence of pure cultures and the poor representation in...

Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world. Its depth provides the only bathypelagic (> 1000 m deep) freshwater habitat on Earth and its oxic, ultra‐oligotrophic features make it a freshwater counterpart of the deep ocean. Here we have analyzed metagenomes from 1250 and 1350 m deep samples and built 231 metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs). We detected high fractions of Thaumarchaeota (ca. 20% of 16S rRNA reads) and members o...

Summary Members of the SAR11 clade, despite their high abundance, are often poorly represented by metagenome‐assembled genomes. This fact has hampered our knowledge about their ecology and genetic diversity. Here we examined 175 SAR11 genomes, including 47 new single‐amplified genomes. The presence of the first genomes associated with subclade IV suggests that, in the same way as subclade V, they might be outside the proposed...

Summary We present two genomes of widespread freshwater picocyanobacteria isolated by extinction dilution from a Spanish oligotrophic reservoir. Based on microscopy and genomic properties, both picocyanobacteria were tentatively designated Synechococcus lacustris Tous, formerly described as a metagenome assembled genome (MAG) from the same habitat, and Cyanobium usitatum Tous, described here for the first time. Both strains we...

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. There is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat HNSCC. Recent deep sequencing of the HNSCC genomic landscape revealed a multiplicity and diversity of genetic alterations in this malignancy. Although a large variety of specific molecules were found altered in each individual tumor, they all parti...