mRNA vaccine formulations are generally considered to pose a lower genotoxic risk than conventional small-molecule pharmaceuticals; however, long-term data regarding their potential genotoxicity remain limited. Furthermore, to date, no standardized genotoxicity testing guidelines specifically tailored to the unique characteristics of mRNA vaccines have been formally established. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive geno...

Ichthyoplankton communities provide important information on spawning dynamics and early life-history processes of fish populations. This study investigated the species composition and seasonal occurrence of fish eggs and larvae in Yeongil Bay, in the East Sea of Korea, from January to December 2023. Samples were collected at seven stations and identified based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis using mito...