Purpose Carnosine has preconditioning effects on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, its postconditioning effects remain unknown. We aimed to determine whether postischemic treatment with carnosine alleviated injury through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) activation in an isolated rat heart model. Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rat hearts were exposed to ischemia for 15 min using the Lang...

Grain dormancy of wheat is closely associated with grain color: red-grained lines show higher dormancy than white-grained lines. The production of red pigments is regulated by R-1 , Tamyb10 gene. However, the relation between grain color and dormancy remains unknown. For this study, we generated transgenic lines which were introduced a DNA fragment containing Tamyb10-D1 gene and its a 2 kb promoter including the 5′ untranslate...

Processed aconite root (PA), the tuberous root of Aconitum carmichaelii prepared by autoclaving, is a crude drug used in Japanese traditional Kampo medicine and traditional Chinese medicine for the symptoms of kidney deficiency, that is related to the muscle atrophy in modern medicine. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of PA on muscle atrophy and to find its active ingredients using dexamethas...