L. C. POPE results 32
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Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disab...
Estimating the ecological, economic and social impacts of ocean acidification and warming on UK fisheriesNARA Subscribed
Assessments of the combined ecological impacts of ocean acidification and warming ( OAW ) and their social and economic consequences can help develop adaptive and responsive management strategies in the most sensitive regions. Here, available observational and experimental data, theoretical, and modelling approaches are combined to project and quantify potential effects of OAW on the future fisheries catches and resulting reve...
Beekeeping practices and geographic distance, not land use, drive gene flow across tropical beesNARA Subscribed
Across the globe, wild bees are threatened by ongoing natural habitat loss, risking the maintenance of plant biodiversity and agricultural production. Despite the ecological and economic importance of wild bees and the fact that several species are now managed for pollination services worldwide, little is known about how land use and beekeeping practices jointly influence gene flow. Using stingless bees as a model system, cont...
Although several studies have focused on how well anglers identify species using replicas and pictures, there has been no study assessing the confidence that can be placed in angler's ability to identify recreationally important fish. Understanding factors associated with low self‐confidence will be useful in tailoring education programmes to improve self‐confidence in identifying common species. The purposes of this assessmen...
Predicting the likely response of data‐poor ecosystems to climate change using space‐for‐time substitution across domainsNARA Subscribed
Predicting ecological response to climate change is often limited by a lack of relevant local data from which directly applicable mechanistic models can be developed. This limits predictions to qualitative assessments or simplistic rules of thumb in data‐poor regions, making management of the relevant systems difficult. We demonstrate a method for developing quantitative predictions of ecological response in data‐poor ecosyste...
Juvenile edible crabs, C ancer pagurus L., were surveyed from M umbles H ead and O xwich B ay in S outh W ales, UK , and the number of heterotrophic bacteria and vibrios in the hemolymph was determined. The percentage of crabs with hemolymph containing bacteria was variable over the survey with higher numbers of animals affected in summer than in winter. Post‐moult crabs contained significantly higher numbers of heterotrophic...
Short‐term evaluation of visible implant alpha tags in juveniles of three fish species under laboratory conditionsNARA Subscribed
Visible implant alpha ( VI alpha) tag‐induced changes in mortality and condition, as well as tag retention and readability, were examined during a 4‐week period for juveniles of three fish species: tiger muskellunge Esox masquinongy × Esox lucius (91 ± 7 mm total length, L T , mean ± s.d.), Snake River cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki behnkei (84 ± 8 mm) and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (85 ± 5 mm). Mortality and condi...
A modelling approach to evaluate potential management actions designed to increase growth of white perch in a high‐density populationNARA Subscribed
A deterministic, age‐structured population model was developed to simulate potential management scenarios designed to increase growth of individuals (quantified by maximum length) in a hypothetical population of white perch, Morone americana (Gmelin). Four scenarios were developed that included non‐selective mortality of adult white perch, increased mortality of age groups most influential on population growth, increased age‐0...
Implications of stunting on morphology of freshwater fishesNARA Subscribed
The purpose of this study was to assess morphological differences between stunted and non‐stunted white perch Morone americana and green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus . Few female M. americana were captured; thus, morphological differences between adult males and juveniles were assessed for M. americana . Similarly, few immature (juvenile) L. cyanellus were captured for the stunted morphotype; thus, male and female morphological d...
A bioenergetic model for zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton)NARA Subscribed
A bioenergetics model was developed from observed consumption, respiration and growth rates for zebrafish Danio rerio across a range (18–32° C) of water temperatures, and evaluated with a 50 day laboratory trial at 28° C. No significant bias in variable estimates was found during the validation trial; namely, predicted zebrafish mass generally agreed with observed mass.
Reproductive skew is a measure of the proportion of individuals of each sex that breed in a group and is a valuable measure for understanding the evolution and maintenance of sociality. Here, we provide the first quantification of reproductive skew within social groups of European badgers Meles meles , throughout an 18‐year study in a high‐density population. We used 22 microsatellite loci to analyse within‐group relatedness a...
Genetic evidence that culling increases badger movement: implications for the spread of bovine tuberculosisNARA Subscribed
The Eurasian badger ( Meles meles ) has been implicated in the transmission of bovine tuberculosis (TB, caused by Mycobacterium bovis ) to cattle. However, evidence suggests that attempts to reduce the spread of TB among cattle in Britain by culling badgers have mixed effects. A large‐scale field experiment (the randomized badger culling trial, RBCT) showed that widespread proactive badger culling reduced the incidence of TB i...
Polygynandry, extra‐group paternity and multiple‐paternity litters in European badger ( Meles meles ) social groupsNARA Subscribed
The costs and benefits of natal philopatry are central to the formation and maintenance of social groups. Badger groups, thought to form passively according to the resource dispersion hypothesis (RDH), are maintained through natal philopatry and delayed dispersal; however, there is minimal evidence for the functional benefits of such grouping. We assigned parentage to 630 badger cubs from a high‐density population in Wytham Wo...