Key message The transcriptomic, phenotypic and metabolomic analysis of transgenic plants overexpressing GhMPK31 in upland cotton revealed the regulation of H 2 O 2 burst and the synthesis of defensive metabolites by GhMPK31 . Abstract Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a crucial class of protein kinases, which play an essential role in various biological processes in plants. Upland cotton ( G. hirsutum ) is the most...

To investigate the embryonic development of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain , we analyzed three critical parameters: egg color of, embryo morphology (through conventional and laser scanning confocal microscopy), and the distribution of cell divisions. During embryonic development, the egg color exhibited a progressive transition, shifting from orange to reddish-orange, then to brown, before ultimately darkening to black. Each...