Keymessage In this first QTL mapping study of embryo size in barley, novel and stable QTL were identified and candidate genes underlying a significant locus independent of kernel size were identified based on orthologous analysis and comparison of the whole-genome assemblies for both parental genotypes of the mapping population. Embryo, also known as germ, in cereal grains plays a crucial role in plant development. The embryo...

The Modern Yellow River Delta has a rich history of geomorphological transformations shaped by frequent avulsions and rapid progradation. However, the delta entered a phase of altered morphodynamics following the construction of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, which fundamentally restructured sediment transport regimes and seasonal hydrological patterns. These changes have amplified challenges in predicting long-term deltaic evoluti...