The goal of this study is to assess how dietary Atractylodes lancea ultrafine powder (AUP) affects crucian carp (Carassius auratus) growth, body composition, and hypoxia tolerance. A total of 630 crucian carp (13.21 ± 0.17 g) were fed diets containing 0.0%, 3.0%, 6.0%, 9.0%, 12.0%, 15.0%, and 18.0% AUP for 15 days. In crucian carp, dietary AUP was observed to improve protein content and decrease weight gain and fat content (p

Main conclusion This study demonstrates the use of photothermal AFM-IR and vibrational SFG microscopy to investigate nanoscale chemical heterogeneity and mesoscale cellulose microfibril orientation in hybrid poplar xylem, revealing differences in cellulose microfibril (CMF) orientation between fiber and vessel cell walls that are consistent with their mechanical support and hydraulic functions. Abstract Understanding the struc...