Background Kaempferol (Kae), a flavonoid compound, has shown considerable potential in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases and ameliorating myocardial damage. However, its underlying mechanisms remain complex and require further elucidation. This study investigated the protective effects of Kae pretreatment against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in H9c2 cardiomyocytes through the interleuki...