Deep-sea transportation is faced with complex navigation environments, long voyages, limited emergency response resources, and interacting safety risks. Existing studies have mainly focused on individual risk factors, while the correlations and coupling effects among different factors have received insufficient attention. To identify the key risk factors affecting deep-sea transportation safety, this paper proposes a novel key...

In this study, a new double-moment warm rain Goddard 4ICE scheme (GCEDM) is developed based on the Goddard 4ICE single-moment (GCESM) scheme and then tested using idealized 2D squall line and 3D supercell simulations. The addition of the total number concentrations for cloud water ( $$\:{N}_{TC}$$ ) and rainwater ( $$\:{N}_{TR}$$ ) enables this new scheme to simulate more diverse raindrop size distributions, making it more rea...

This paper constructs a diamond model for expanding national strategic marine scientific and technological capabilities, establishes a three-dimensional analytical framework of “policy instruments—policy objectives—policy actors,” and conducts a quantitative analysis of 229 policy documents using Nvivo 12. The results indicate that existing policy instruments are inadequately aligned with major strategic needs, production fact...