Background Urothelial carcinoma, the predominant form of bladder cancer, represents a global public health challenge due to its high rates of recurrence and progression. At the molecular level, microRNA-21 (miR-21) has been characterized as an “oncomir” because of its ability to negatively regulate tumor suppressor genes, thereby promoting tumor survival and progression. In this context, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as a...

Roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1) is critical for various processes essential to mammalian development. However, its role in postnatal development and growth remains poorly understood, primarily due to perinatal lethality in knockout models. Robo1 knockout mice on a mixed B6/129S genetic background survive into adulthood and exhibit previously unreported abnormalities across multiple organs. These mice display stunted gro...

Keymessage Standardized microhaplotype databases for eight diverse crops enable multiallelic analyses, comparative genetics, and breeding decisions. Abstract Microhaplotypes are short genomic segments that contain multiple tightly linked variants, providing multi-allelic data that can enhance genetic resolution compared to traditional biallelic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Here, we present the creation and uti...