Cytokines are small glycosylated polypeptides that orchestrate immune responses and are widely produced in recombinant form for therapeutic and research purposes. This review highlights Komagataella phaffii as an efficient host for the heterologous expression of recombinant cytokines from human and other species. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified studies addressing upstream and downstream pro...

Introduction Numerous pharmacological classes of compounds have been explored as novel and efficacious alternatives to standard mu opioid agonist analgesics. We and others have described G-protein biased kappa opioid agonists as having potential utility as analgesics due to a lower propensity to produce sedation and dysphoria, which are thought to be mediated in large part through beta-arrestin signaling. Methods Here we compa...

Ecosystems respond in various ways to disturbances. Quantifying ecological stability therefore requires inspecting multiple stability properties, such as resistance, recovery, persistence and invariability. Correlations among these properties can reduce the dimensionality of stability, simplifying the study of environmental effects on ecosystems. A key question is how the kind of disturbance affects these correlations. We here...

Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) is an important agroforestry tree of tropics and subtropics due to its protein rich foliages, ability to grow on poor soils, and high level of tolerance to various stresses including drought and diseases. We hypothesized that leucaena have a unique set of genes which confer tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses and these genes are either absent or not expressed in other legumes that...