Tuberculosis (TB) treatment is highly effective, but response to therapy varies by geography and population subgroups. We assessed differences in TB treatment response in a representative and heterogeneous Brazilian population. We estimated genetic ancestry according to major genetic ancestry groups (African, European, and Amerindian) in the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis (RePORT)-Brazil cohort usi...

Species of Micropleura Linstow, 1906 (Dracunculoidea: Nematoda) are common parasites of crocodilians worldwide. Studies related to this genus remain scarce, particularly regarding genetic characterizations, due to the difficulty in obtaining the parasite specimens. Although the morphology of M . vazi Travassos, 1933, a parasite of Caiman spp. in the Neotropics, has been previously evaluated, some morphological inconsistencies...

The photophysical properties of a heterobimetallic Ir III –Eu III complex were investigated in solvents with different polarity, coordinating ability, and vibrational characteristics to elucidate the factors governing Eu III sensitization. Steady-state and time-resolved luminescence measurements revealed that the solvent profoundly influences both the donor-to-acceptor energy-transfer process and the europium-centered emission...

A new species of the small‐sized armoured catfish genus Neoplecostomus is described from Neotropical Atlantic coastal drainages, in southeast Brazil. The new species can be readily diagnosed from all congeners by having the first plates of the ventral series reduced in size, rounded and ventrally displaced, resulting in a naked band between the mid‐ventral and ventral series of plates. Additionally, the species exhibits marked...

Four new species of the small‐sized armoured catfish genus Pareiorhina are described from mountain ranges in the Grande River drainage, upper Paraná River basin, based on morphological and molecular species delimitation methods. Molecular analyses based on the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) marker recovered Pareiorhina as polyphyletic, with none of the 11 nominal species, including the 4 newly described, forming a clade wi...

Two new species of whiptail catfish, Loricaria (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), were discovered in the Munim and Itapecuru river basins, Maranhão State, northeastern Brazil, through an integrative taxonomic approach combining morphology and mitochondrial DNA. Linear discriminant analysis revealed three morphometrically distinct groups, and coxI ‐based phylogeny identified four genetically divergent lineages of Loricaria in northe...

This 2 × 2 factorial study evaluated different progesterone treatment durations and porcine follicle-stimulating hormone (pFSH) presentations for superovulation in acyclic Toggenburg goats. Goats ( n = 56) received short (six days, G6) and long-term (17 days, G17) progesterone intravaginal devices combined with 133 mg (G6 133mg and G17 133mg ) or 250 IU of pFSH (G6 250IU and G17 250IU ) administered in six decreasing doses fro...

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the main factor limiting agricultural production in acidic soils around the world. In this scenario, melatonin (MET) has emerged as a promising approach to alleviate Al toxicity. Thus, we investigated morphophysiological responses of Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen, a medicinal plant, to Al toxicity and MET application. Plants were grown in vitro for 40 days in MS medium (control) supplemented wi...

Purpose Oswaldofilaria bacillaris is the type species of the genus, but its morphology remains little known and partially contradictory. Moreover, there are no genetic data and scanning electron microscopical observations on the species, like in most Oswaldofilaria spp. The phylogenetic relationships among Oswaldofilaria spp. are practically unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the detailed morphology of O . bacillaris , prov...

Aluminum (Al) contamination in acidic soils severely limits plant growth and development. This study investigated the mechanisms and timing of Al toxicity in Pfaffia glomerata , a medicinal species of growing pharmacological interest. Based on the hypothesis that P. glomerata mitigates Al toxicity through tissue-specific adjustments in redox metabolism, accumulation of protective metabolites, and regulation of genes involved i...

Objective Trans -Chalcone (TC) is an anti-inflammatory flavonoid that reduces hyperalgesia by targeting nuclear factor κB and inflammasome in gout arthritis model. However, a direct modulation of nociceptors by TC has never been investigated, which was the aim of the present study. Methods Experimental models of overt pain-like behaviors were applied as the stimuli-induced behavior depends, at least in part, on nociceptive neu...

Bees are essential for ecosystem functioning, pollinating many wild and crop plant species. Predicting which species are most vulnerable to global changes, and how their loss may impact ecosystems and human well-being, is critical. Comprehensive information on bee response and effect traits is fundamental to these assessments. However, the Raunkiærian shortfall—insufficient trait data—remains significant for bees, particularly...