Lifestyle-related factors may affect cognition and increase the risk of developing dementia. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the effect of lifestyle-related factors on the brain are not yet fully understood. Myelin, a vital element of brain health, has previously been shown to be involved in dementia-related cognitive decline. However, whether it plays a role in the relation between lifestyle-related factors...

Metacommunity theory has expanded our understanding of how spatial dynamics and local interactions influence species communities. Different assembly archetypes, reflecting different roles of species differences, habitat differences, and dispersal have been described, but we lack empirical studies specifically in terrestrial habitats testing which archetype is most important. In a replicated design, we experimentally enhanced s...

Key message The evolutionary conserved TOR kinase positively controls growth and development of the moss Physcomitrella, development and function of its chloroplasts, its protein synthesis, and cell-cycle progression. Abstract Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is a conserved protein kinase and an important signalling hub in eukaryotes. The moss Physcomitrella ( Physcomitrium patens ) is a model organism for plant physiology, developme...

High-definition approaches are currently revolutionizing our understanding of the archaeology of urban archives. Multi-proxy studies at a high spatial resolution offer especially an opportunity to capture their high data potential. Here we present a study of complex floor layers from an occupation phase dating to c. AD 790–830 uncovered in the Viking-age emporium Ribe, Denmark (c. AD 700–900). In order to better understand str...

An endolithic lifestyle in mineralized substrates has evolved multiple times in various phyla including Bryozoa. The family Penetrantiidae includes one genus with ten extant and two fossil species. They predominantly colonize the shells of molluscs and establish colonies by chemical dissolution of calcium carbonate. Based on several morphological characters, they were described to be either cheilostome or ctenostome bryozoans....

Sphagnum mosses are important carbon sequesters and emerging model organisms. However, induction and long-term cultivation of thalloid protonema in several species was not achievable so far. Here, we provide protocols for a set of new tools relevant for Sphagnum molecular biology: a new way for Sphagnum protoplast isolation and regeneration, and a first protocol for transient protoplast transformation. Together, these protocol...

Key message In Physcomitrella, whole-genome duplications affected the expression of about 3.7% of the protein-encoding genes, some of them relevant for DNA repair, resulting in a massively reduced gene-targeting frequency. Abstract Qualitative changes in gene expression after an autopolyploidization event, a pure duplication of the whole genome (WGD), might be relevant for a different regulation of molecular mechanisms between...

Decline in size‐at‐age of Chinook Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) has been observed for many populations across the entire Northeast Pacific Ocean, and identifying external drivers of this decline is important for sustainable management of these ecologically, economically, and culturally valuable resources. We assessed size‐at‐age of 96,939 Chinook Salmon sampled in the Fraser River watershed (Canada) from 1969 to 2017. A...