The Irminger Sea is one of the few places in the North Atlantic where dense water masses are formed through deep convection. In addition to atmospheric forcing, wintertime convection in the Irminger Sea interior can be impacted by the extent of restratification in the preceding years. In the Irminger Sea, the cold central basin is contrasted to the Irminger Current (IC) which carries warm and saline waters of subtropical origi...

Aim Humans influence species distributions by modifying the environment and by dispersing species beyond their natural ranges. Populations of species that have established in disjunct regions of the world may exhibit trait differentiation from native populations due to founder effects and adaptations to selection pressures in each distributional region. We compared multiple native, expansive and introduced populations of a sin...

Nine multipurpose silvicultural treatments, formulated as a synthesis of recently implemented prescriptions offered by forest managers, were simulated to evaluate their effectiveness at enhancing fire resistance. The Forest Vegetation Simulator was applied, within the BioSum Framework, on over 3,000 Forest Inventory and Analysis plots representing 5 million hectares of dry mixed conifer forests in eastern Washington and Oregon...

Summary A low‐diversity microbial community, dominated by the γ ‐proteobacterium H alomonas sulfidaeris , was detected in samples of warm saline formation porewater collected from the C ambrian Mt. S imon S andstone in the I llinois B asin of the N orth A merican M idcontinent (1.8 km/5872 ft burial depth, 50° C , pH 8, 181 bars pressure). These highly porous and permeable quartz arenite sandstones are directly analogous to re...

Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) is an important agroforestry tree of tropics and subtropics due to its protein rich foliages, ability to grow on poor soils, and high level of tolerance to various stresses including drought and diseases. We hypothesized that leucaena have a unique set of genes which confer tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses and these genes are either absent or not expressed in other legumes that...

Sudden oak death, a disease associated with the pathogen Phytophthora ramorum, has a large number of shrub and tree host species. Three of the tree species most susceptible to mortality from the disease, California black oak (Quercus kelloggii), coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), and tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus), are estimated to predominate by basal area on 1.52 (±0.10) million ac in 12 counties that currently are under...